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Kenya Plans Budget Cuts to Meet IMF Conditions

Kenya faces mounting debt pressure, with public debt hitting 68.1% of GDP in 2024. Treasury eyes deep cuts in subsidies and overheads to ease fiscal strain.

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Kenya to cut spending in 2025–26 budget to meet IMF terms, manage debt, and restore market confidence amid fiscal reforms.
An aerial view shows the skyline of downtown in Nairobi, Kenya

Kenya to cut spending in 2025–26 budget to meet IMF terms, manage debt, and restore market confidence amid fiscal reforms.

Kenya Prepares Major Budget Cuts to Meet IMF Conditions

NAIROBI, KENYA — July 2025 — Kenya is preparing significant fiscal adjustments to reduce its growing budget deficit and meet terms for a renewed loan package from the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The proposed changes involve reducing expenditure from the original KSh 4.3 trillion ($33 billion) 2025–2026 budget to cap the fiscal deficit at 4.5% of GDP.

The move underscores the government’s resolve to restore market confidence, stabilize macroeconomic fundamentals, and manage public debt that reached 68.1% of GDP in 2024, according to IMF estimates.


IMF Conditions Drive Budget Realignment

The restructuring is a core condition in the ongoing IMF–Kenya negotiations for a new Extended Fund Facility (EFF) and Extended Credit Facility (ECF), as the current programs expire later in 2025.

“Kenya’s commitment to fiscal consolidation remains critical for preserving macroeconomic stability and ensuring debt sustainability,”
IMF Staff Report, March 2025

These budget changes aim to reduce borrowing, rein in interest payments, and maintain access to global capital markets amid tightening global financial conditions.


Mounting Debt Burden Strains Development

In FY2024/25, over 55% of Kenya’s revenue went toward debt servicing, limiting spending on infrastructure, healthcare, and education. The IMF considers 55% debt-to-GDP as sustainable for low-income economies—Kenya has exceeded that by over 13 points.

📎 Read: Kenya’s Debt Sustainability Outlook


Where the Cuts May Fall

Although the National Treasury hasn’t disclosed specific line items, reliable sources indicate potential cuts in:

  • Fuel and food subsidies
  • Non-priority capital projects
  • Wage bill and administrative overheads
  • Unfunded devolved functions

📎 Read: How Kenya’s Eurobond Repayment Affects Fiscal Policy


Eurobond Repayment Adds Pressure

Kenya’s early 2025 repayment of a $2 billion eurobond drained foreign reserves and caused short-term turbulence in the bond market. Reliance on multilateral lenders like the IMF and World Bank has since intensified, as external borrowing becomes more costly due to a strong U.S. dollar and elevated global rates.


Broader Reforms in Motion

In parallel, the government is implementing structural reforms, including:

These align with President William Ruto’s Bottom-Up Economic Transformation Agenda (BETA), which emphasizes inclusive growth, debt prudence, and youth employment.

📎 Understanding the IMF’s ECF and EFF Programs


Investor Reaction: Hopeful but Watchful

Economists have broadly welcomed the budget review, but warn against overcorrection.

“You can’t cut your way to prosperity. What we need is smarter budgeting, not just leaner numbers,”
Nikhil Hira, tax expert, Nairobi

Some analysts fear reduced development spending could delay projects and hurt critical public services like healthcare and basic education.


What’s Next: Budget Review and IMF Talks

The revised 2025–2026 budget will be tabled in Parliament this July, even as IMF discussions continue. A new agreement is expected by October 2025, unlocking concessional financing and enhancing Kenya’s global credit standing.


Conclusion: A Decisive Fiscal Moment

Kenya’s fiscal realignment sends a clear message: that debt sustainability and market credibility are national priorities. The success of this plan will hinge on targeted reforms, careful implementation, and continued political will to manage debt while fostering long-term economic growth.

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Banking, Finance & Economic Policy

Absa Kenya Profit Up 15% on Lower Provisions

Loan-loss provisions fell sharply, boosting Absa’s earnings, while customer deposits climbed 9% to KSh 384 billion (US$2.7 billion). The bank continues to expand its agency network and financial inclusion initiatives across Kenya.

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Absa CEO Abdi Mohamed highlighted innovation and sustainable products, including Shariah-compliant accounts and energy-efficient home loans. Analysts say the results show how Kenyan banks can thrive despite lower interest margins.

Absa Bank Kenya posts 15% profit growth to KSh 16.9B (US$120M) on lower loan-loss provisions and higher non-interest income.

Absa Bank Kenya Profit Rises 15% on Lower Loan Provisions

Nairobi —Absa Bank Kenya posted a 15% increase in profit after tax, reaching KSh 16.9 billion (≈ US$120 million) for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, according to Capital FM. The lender attributed the growth to strong cost management and an 11% rise in non-interest income.

The results position Absa as one of the most resilient banks in Kenya, even as peers contend with tightening margins amid lower interest rates.


Lower Provisions Boost Earnings

The bank cut its loan-loss provisions by around 40%, with impairment charges falling to KSh 4.8 billion (≈ US$34 million). Capital FM reported that this improvement reflects better asset quality and disciplined risk management across Absa’s lending portfolio.

Absa also noted that lower funding costs and efficient capital allocation helped cushion the impact of compressed net interest margins.


Non-Interest Income Supports Growth

Fees, commissions, and other non-funded income rose to KSh 13.6 billion (≈ US$97 million), driven largely by growth in payments, agency banking, and advisory services.

“The diversification of revenue streams has been a key pillar of our strategy,” Absa CEO Abdi Mohamed said in a statement. “Even in a low-interest environment, we have managed to sustain profitability and deliver value to shareholders.”


Deposits and Balance Sheet Strength

Customer deposits grew 9% to KSh 384 billion (≈ US$2.7 billion), while total assets expanded 14% to KSh 554 billion (≈ US$3.9 billion), according to the report.

The bank’s robust liquidity underpins its ability to fund lending and support financial inclusion initiatives, including its agency banking network, now operating in over 8,000 locations across Kenya.


Innovation and Product Expansion

Absa highlighted new offerings such as Sultana, a Shariah-compliant banking product, and Eco Home Loans, aimed at financing energy-efficient housing projects. These initiatives are part of the bank’s broader strategy to attract niche customer segments while supporting sustainable development.


Historical Performance Context

For the first half of 2025, Absa reported KSh 11.7 billion (≈ US$83 million) in profit after tax, a 9% increase from H1 2024, driven by similar trends of lower impairments and strong non-interest income, Capital FM noted. Impairment charges during that period fell by 38%, indicating sustained improvement in credit quality.


Market Implications

Analysts say Absa’s results demonstrate how Kenyan banks can maintain profitability through cost discipline, diversification, and prudent risk management.

“This shows the advantage of balancing interest income with fees and commissions,” said Nairobi-based banking analyst Joseph Mwangi. “Absa’s model may become increasingly relevant as monetary policy fluctuates and margin pressures persist across the sector.”


Outlook

Absa management signaled confidence in maintaining growth momentum through the remainder of 2025 and into 2026. The bank is expected to continue leveraging its diverse revenue base, expanding financial inclusion efforts, and pursuing innovation in digital banking and green financing products.

Mohamed added that the bank remains committed to sustainable, inclusive growth: “Our strategy is to support both shareholder returns and customer-centric initiatives, while continuing to enhance operational efficiency.”


International Perspective

For foreign investors, Absa’s results underscore Kenya’s resilience in the banking sector despite global macroeconomic uncertainties. The bank’s ability to deliver consistent profits while maintaining strong asset quality and expanding its customer base reflects its strategic execution and operational discipline.

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Startups, Venture Capital & Innovation

Kenya’s Kakamega Gold Discovery Worth $5.3B

Nearly 800 households may face resettlement due to the mine’s 337-acre footprint. Local leaders are demanding transparent compensation and consultation.

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Environmentalists warn mining could affect Yala and Isiukhu rivers. Shanta Gold says mitigation measures will protect water and restore land.

Shanta Gold confirms 1.27 M oz Kakamega deposit worth ~$5.3 B. Project sparks jobs, investment, resettlement, and environmental debate.

Kenya’s Kakamega Gold Discovery Sparks Economic and Social Debate

Major Gold Find Confirmed

Shanta Gold Ltd., a British-listed mining company, confirmed in November 2025 that it has discovered 1.27 million ounces of high-grade gold in Kakamega County, western Kenya. The deposit, valued at roughly $5.28 billion, is detailed in an Environmental Impact Assessment filed with the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA). Uganda is a net exporter of the bullion.

Project Plans and Infrastructure

The company plans to develop an underground mine at the Isulu-Bushiangala site with a 1,500-ton-per-day processing plant, a 12-megawatt power station, tailings storage, and road infrastructure. The project footprint spans 337 acres, potentially displacing nearly 800 households, with six resettlement sites mapped across 1,932 acres.

Investment and Royalties

Shanta estimates capital expenditure of $170–208 million and annual operating costs of around $19 million, according to The Star. Under Kenya’s mining regulations, the company will pay 3% of gross gold sales as royalties, divided with 70% to the national government, 20% to Kakamega County, and 10% to host communities. Annual royalties are projected at KSh560–610 million, alongside a Mineral Development Levy of approximately KSh195 million.

Community Concerns and Resettlement

Local leaders in Ikolomani have voiced concern over displacement and insufficient consultation. A public hearing scheduled for Nov. 12, 2025 at Bushiangala Technical Training Institute was canceled, sparking criticism from residents, according to Capital FM.

Environmental Risks

Environmental groups have warned that mining could impact the Yala and Isiukhu rivers, potentially affecting water supply and ecosystems. Shanta’s EIA outlines mitigation measures including lined tailings dams, water-quality monitoring, controlled blasting, and progressive land rehabilitation.

Regulatory Review and Next Steps

NEMA is reviewing the EIA and public submissions before issuing environmental clearance. Approval would allow Shanta to move into financing and construction, while a rejection would require the company to redesign its plan or re-engage local communities, according to Hivileo.

Economic Impact

Analysts say the find could significantly boost Western Kenya’s economy, creating jobs in construction, transport, power, and local services. Experts caution that success depends on fair resettlement, transparent compensation, and environmental compliance.

Ore Quality and Production

Ore grades at Isulu-Bushiangala average 11.43 g/t, high by commercial standards. If operations proceed, the mine could become one of East Africa’s largest, positioning Kakamega as a mining hub.

Community and Government Oversight

County officials stress the need for strict enforcement to ensure benefits reach local communities and minimize social and environmental costs. Residents demand clear timelines for compensation and relocation.

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Banking, Finance & Economic Policy

African Central Banks Cut Interest Rates

Kenya, Nigeria, Ghana, and South Africa may reduce policy rates before year-end. Lower rates are expected to support credit growth and stimulate economic activity.

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Interest rate cuts could boost equity markets by making stocks more attractive than bonds. Banks, however, may face tighter margins as lending spreads narrow.

Several African central banks plan interest rate cuts as inflation cools. This may reshape banking profitability and financial markets.

African Central Banks Poised to Cut Interest Rates

A number of African central banks are expected to cut interest rates at their final policy meetings of 2025, according to Bloomberg. Inflation has shown signs of cooling across the continent,creating room for monetary easing. Analysts say these moves could have wide-ranging implications for banking profitability and financial markets.

Countries likely to adjust rates include Kenya, South Africa, Nigeria, and Ghana. Lower rates may ease borrowing costs for households and companies, but banks could see profit margins under pressure.


African inflation has moderated in recent months. Consumer price indices have slowed across East, West, and Southern Africa. The IMF reports that average inflation in key economies fell below 6% in Q3 2025.

Central banks are responding cautiously. While inflation is cooling, external risks such as high global interest rates and currency volatility remain. Policymakers must balance growth support with financial stability.


Impact on Banking Profitability

Lower interest rates could squeeze bank margins. Commercial banks rely on the spread between deposit and lending rates to generate profit. Rate cuts could reduce these spreads, affecting earnings.

Kenya Commercial Bank (KCB) and Equity Bank are likely to feel the impact. Analysts note that lower rates may stimulate credit growth, partially offsetting margin pressure. However, banks with high exposure to government securities may see net interest income decline.


Financial Market Implications

Interest rate cuts could boost local stock markets. Lower rates often make equities more attractive relative to bonds. Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) may see increased foreign and domestic investment inflows.

Currency markets could also react. Softer interest rates may reduce foreign capital inflows, weakening local currencies. Traders are watching the Kenyan shilling and Nigerian naira closely for early signals.


Country-Specific Outlooks

Kenya: The Central Bank of Kenya is expected to reduce its benchmark rate by 25–50 basis points. Analysts say this could support credit growth while maintaining inflation within the 5% target range.

South Africa: The South African Reserve Bank may cut rates cautiously, balancing inflation risks with growth support. Rate adjustments could also affect bond yields in the domestic market.

Nigeria: With inflation easing, the Central Bank of Nigeria could reduce lending rates to stimulate the economy. Lower rates may support businesses struggling with high borrowing costs.

Ghana: Bank of Ghana policymakers are monitoring inflation trends and may act before year-end to support fiscal sustainability and credit expansion.


Challenges for Policymakers

Even with falling inflation, central banks face external risks. U.S. interest rates remain high, pushing capital toward dollar assets. This could limit the effectiveness of rate cuts in stimulating local credit markets.

Currency depreciation, high sovereign debt, and political uncertainty are additional challenges. Policymakers must act carefully to avoid triggering inflation or financial instability.


Outlook for 2026

Analysts expect African central banks to continue a cautious easing cycle into 2026. Lower rates may support business investment and household borrowing. Banks will need to adapt to narrower interest spreads. Equity markets could benefit from more liquidity.

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