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Economy, Business & Finance

Tanzania Bans Dollar Use in Local Transactions

Tanzania’s currency directive sends ripples across East Africa, signaling a regional pushback against dollar dominance as officials call for stronger trust in local currencies.

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Tanzania's central bank bans foreign currency use in domestic transactions to protect the shilling, with exceptions for tourism and cross-border trade.
Bank of Tanzania Governor Emmanuel Tutuba announces a sweeping directive mandating all local transactions be conducted in Tanzanian shillings, as part of efforts to safeguard the country’s monetary sovereignty and curb informal dollarization.

Tanzania’s central bank bans foreign currency use in domestic transactions to protect the shilling, with exceptions for tourism and cross-border trade.

Dar es Salaam, Tanzania – June 2025
In a major move to reinforce monetary sovereignty, the Bank of Tanzania (BoT) has outlawed the use of foreign currencies in domestic pricing and payments. The policy—announced on Friday—now requires that all local transactions be conducted in Tanzanian shillings (TSh), with a few exceptions made for tourism and cross-border activities.


🏦 BoT Cracks Down on Dollar Use in Local Markets

“All payments and pricing of goods and services in the United Republic of Tanzania shall be in Tanzanian shillings,” declared BoT Governor Emmanuel Tutuba in the official release.

The directive targets businesses and individuals engaging in informal dollar-based transactions, especially in tourism-heavy regions like Zanzibar and Serengeti. It’s part of a wider strategy to stabilize the national currency, improve transparency, and curb monetary policy leakage.

“This measure is aimed at strengthening our currency and ensuring transparency in commercial activities,” said Governor Tutuba.


🧳 Tourists Allowed Exceptions—Under Strict Terms

Under the new policy, foreign visitors can still pay via international cards or digital wallets. However, cash payments must be made in Tanzanian shillings, with foreign currency first exchanged at licensed commercial banks or forex bureaus.

“This is not a ban on foreign money—it’s a call to respect the shilling,” said a BoT official. “Foreigners are welcome, but local transactions must reflect the law of the land.”

This policy shift is expected to affect Zanzibar’s hospitality sector, where up to 80% of revenue from high-end hotels and lodges comes from non-resident dollar payers.


💲 Dollarization Threatening Currency Confidence

According to Dr. Neema Lugangira, a senior economist at the University of Dar es Salaam, the trend of quoting goods and services in USD or EUR has undermined the Tanzanian shilling and complicated macroeconomic controls.

“Dollarization erodes confidence in our currency and complicates monetary policy,” she explained. “When businesses abandon the shilling, it sends a dangerous signal to investors and citizens alike.”

Sectors such as real estate, safaris, and luxury retail have been key drivers of this dual-currency environment.


📢 BoT Urges Public to Report Offenders

To enforce the directive, the BoT is calling on citizens to report violators to:

  • The Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU)
  • Local law enforcement
  • The central bank directly via designated hotlines

“Compliance is not optional,” Tutuba emphasized. “This is a matter of national economic stability.”

The move aligns with broader efforts to enhance fiscal accountability and regulate the underground forex market.


📉 Currency Under Pressure, Reserves in Focus

Tanzania’s currency has been under stress, with the Tanzanian shilling depreciating from TSh 2,360/USD to TSh 2,470/USD over the past year. The central bank has made several market interventions to protect reserves and curb inflation.

This crackdown is seen as a strategic step to:

  • Improve liquidity in the interbank market
  • Reduce informal forex trading
  • Reinforce confidence in the local unit

“[BoT] is clearly trying to prevent a deeper currency slide and anchor public expectations,” said a regional analyst with EAC Monetary Policy Forum.


🏨 Private Sector Adjusting to Currency Shift

Businesses in Zanzibar, Kilimanjaro, and Arusha—heavily reliant on dollar-paying tourists—are now recalibrating their operations.

“About 60% of our clients used to pay in dollars,” said Said Mussa, general manager of a beach resort in Nungwi. “We’re now updating our booking systems to reflect local currency. It’s a challenge, but we understand the bigger goal.”

Fintech firms are also reporting a surge in onboarding.

“We’ve had a 25% uptick in sign-ups from travel operators in just 48 hours,” said Janet Makame, East Africa Director at a regional payment platform.


🌍 Tanzania’s Lead May Inspire Regional Reforms

Experts say this policy could ripple across the East African Community (EAC), where countries like Kenya and Uganda face similar currency pressures and rising dollar preference in import and property markets.

“Tanzania is taking the lead on something many central banks in the region talk about but rarely enforce,” said an EAC policy analyst. “This may set a precedent for stricter forex regulations across East Africa.”


🔚 The Bottom Line: Defend the Shilling, Defend Sovereignty

At its core, Tanzania’s directive is more than economic—it’s a political statement on self-reliance and monetary identity. By outlawing informal foreign currency use, BoT aims to foster long-term stability even if short-term friction is inevitable.

“The value of a nation’s currency is the value of the nation itself,” said Governor Tutuba.


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Banking, Finance & Economic Policy

Absa Kenya Profit Up 15% on Lower Provisions

Loan-loss provisions fell sharply, boosting Absa’s earnings, while customer deposits climbed 9% to KSh 384 billion (US$2.7 billion). The bank continues to expand its agency network and financial inclusion initiatives across Kenya.

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Absa CEO Abdi Mohamed highlighted innovation and sustainable products, including Shariah-compliant accounts and energy-efficient home loans. Analysts say the results show how Kenyan banks can thrive despite lower interest margins.

Absa Bank Kenya posts 15% profit growth to KSh 16.9B (US$120M) on lower loan-loss provisions and higher non-interest income.

Absa Bank Kenya Profit Rises 15% on Lower Loan Provisions

Nairobi —Absa Bank Kenya posted a 15% increase in profit after tax, reaching KSh 16.9 billion (≈ US$120 million) for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, according to Capital FM. The lender attributed the growth to strong cost management and an 11% rise in non-interest income.

The results position Absa as one of the most resilient banks in Kenya, even as peers contend with tightening margins amid lower interest rates.


Lower Provisions Boost Earnings

The bank cut its loan-loss provisions by around 40%, with impairment charges falling to KSh 4.8 billion (≈ US$34 million). Capital FM reported that this improvement reflects better asset quality and disciplined risk management across Absa’s lending portfolio.

Absa also noted that lower funding costs and efficient capital allocation helped cushion the impact of compressed net interest margins.


Non-Interest Income Supports Growth

Fees, commissions, and other non-funded income rose to KSh 13.6 billion (≈ US$97 million), driven largely by growth in payments, agency banking, and advisory services.

“The diversification of revenue streams has been a key pillar of our strategy,” Absa CEO Abdi Mohamed said in a statement. “Even in a low-interest environment, we have managed to sustain profitability and deliver value to shareholders.”


Deposits and Balance Sheet Strength

Customer deposits grew 9% to KSh 384 billion (≈ US$2.7 billion), while total assets expanded 14% to KSh 554 billion (≈ US$3.9 billion), according to the report.

The bank’s robust liquidity underpins its ability to fund lending and support financial inclusion initiatives, including its agency banking network, now operating in over 8,000 locations across Kenya.


Innovation and Product Expansion

Absa highlighted new offerings such as Sultana, a Shariah-compliant banking product, and Eco Home Loans, aimed at financing energy-efficient housing projects. These initiatives are part of the bank’s broader strategy to attract niche customer segments while supporting sustainable development.


Historical Performance Context

For the first half of 2025, Absa reported KSh 11.7 billion (≈ US$83 million) in profit after tax, a 9% increase from H1 2024, driven by similar trends of lower impairments and strong non-interest income, Capital FM noted. Impairment charges during that period fell by 38%, indicating sustained improvement in credit quality.


Market Implications

Analysts say Absa’s results demonstrate how Kenyan banks can maintain profitability through cost discipline, diversification, and prudent risk management.

“This shows the advantage of balancing interest income with fees and commissions,” said Nairobi-based banking analyst Joseph Mwangi. “Absa’s model may become increasingly relevant as monetary policy fluctuates and margin pressures persist across the sector.”


Outlook

Absa management signaled confidence in maintaining growth momentum through the remainder of 2025 and into 2026. The bank is expected to continue leveraging its diverse revenue base, expanding financial inclusion efforts, and pursuing innovation in digital banking and green financing products.

Mohamed added that the bank remains committed to sustainable, inclusive growth: “Our strategy is to support both shareholder returns and customer-centric initiatives, while continuing to enhance operational efficiency.”


International Perspective

For foreign investors, Absa’s results underscore Kenya’s resilience in the banking sector despite global macroeconomic uncertainties. The bank’s ability to deliver consistent profits while maintaining strong asset quality and expanding its customer base reflects its strategic execution and operational discipline.

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Startups, Venture Capital & Innovation

Kenya’s Kakamega Gold Discovery Worth $5.3B

Nearly 800 households may face resettlement due to the mine’s 337-acre footprint. Local leaders are demanding transparent compensation and consultation.

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Environmentalists warn mining could affect Yala and Isiukhu rivers. Shanta Gold says mitigation measures will protect water and restore land.

Shanta Gold confirms 1.27 M oz Kakamega deposit worth ~$5.3 B. Project sparks jobs, investment, resettlement, and environmental debate.

Kenya’s Kakamega Gold Discovery Sparks Economic and Social Debate

Major Gold Find Confirmed

Shanta Gold Ltd., a British-listed mining company, confirmed in November 2025 that it has discovered 1.27 million ounces of high-grade gold in Kakamega County, western Kenya. The deposit, valued at roughly $5.28 billion, is detailed in an Environmental Impact Assessment filed with the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA). Uganda is a net exporter of the bullion.

Project Plans and Infrastructure

The company plans to develop an underground mine at the Isulu-Bushiangala site with a 1,500-ton-per-day processing plant, a 12-megawatt power station, tailings storage, and road infrastructure. The project footprint spans 337 acres, potentially displacing nearly 800 households, with six resettlement sites mapped across 1,932 acres.

Investment and Royalties

Shanta estimates capital expenditure of $170–208 million and annual operating costs of around $19 million, according to The Star. Under Kenya’s mining regulations, the company will pay 3% of gross gold sales as royalties, divided with 70% to the national government, 20% to Kakamega County, and 10% to host communities. Annual royalties are projected at KSh560–610 million, alongside a Mineral Development Levy of approximately KSh195 million.

Community Concerns and Resettlement

Local leaders in Ikolomani have voiced concern over displacement and insufficient consultation. A public hearing scheduled for Nov. 12, 2025 at Bushiangala Technical Training Institute was canceled, sparking criticism from residents, according to Capital FM.

Environmental Risks

Environmental groups have warned that mining could impact the Yala and Isiukhu rivers, potentially affecting water supply and ecosystems. Shanta’s EIA outlines mitigation measures including lined tailings dams, water-quality monitoring, controlled blasting, and progressive land rehabilitation.

Regulatory Review and Next Steps

NEMA is reviewing the EIA and public submissions before issuing environmental clearance. Approval would allow Shanta to move into financing and construction, while a rejection would require the company to redesign its plan or re-engage local communities, according to Hivileo.

Economic Impact

Analysts say the find could significantly boost Western Kenya’s economy, creating jobs in construction, transport, power, and local services. Experts caution that success depends on fair resettlement, transparent compensation, and environmental compliance.

Ore Quality and Production

Ore grades at Isulu-Bushiangala average 11.43 g/t, high by commercial standards. If operations proceed, the mine could become one of East Africa’s largest, positioning Kakamega as a mining hub.

Community and Government Oversight

County officials stress the need for strict enforcement to ensure benefits reach local communities and minimize social and environmental costs. Residents demand clear timelines for compensation and relocation.

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Banking, Finance & Economic Policy

African Central Banks Cut Interest Rates

Kenya, Nigeria, Ghana, and South Africa may reduce policy rates before year-end. Lower rates are expected to support credit growth and stimulate economic activity.

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Interest rate cuts could boost equity markets by making stocks more attractive than bonds. Banks, however, may face tighter margins as lending spreads narrow.

Several African central banks plan interest rate cuts as inflation cools. This may reshape banking profitability and financial markets.

African Central Banks Poised to Cut Interest Rates

A number of African central banks are expected to cut interest rates at their final policy meetings of 2025, according to Bloomberg. Inflation has shown signs of cooling across the continent,creating room for monetary easing. Analysts say these moves could have wide-ranging implications for banking profitability and financial markets.

Countries likely to adjust rates include Kenya, South Africa, Nigeria, and Ghana. Lower rates may ease borrowing costs for households and companies, but banks could see profit margins under pressure.


African inflation has moderated in recent months. Consumer price indices have slowed across East, West, and Southern Africa. The IMF reports that average inflation in key economies fell below 6% in Q3 2025.

Central banks are responding cautiously. While inflation is cooling, external risks such as high global interest rates and currency volatility remain. Policymakers must balance growth support with financial stability.


Impact on Banking Profitability

Lower interest rates could squeeze bank margins. Commercial banks rely on the spread between deposit and lending rates to generate profit. Rate cuts could reduce these spreads, affecting earnings.

Kenya Commercial Bank (KCB) and Equity Bank are likely to feel the impact. Analysts note that lower rates may stimulate credit growth, partially offsetting margin pressure. However, banks with high exposure to government securities may see net interest income decline.


Financial Market Implications

Interest rate cuts could boost local stock markets. Lower rates often make equities more attractive relative to bonds. Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) may see increased foreign and domestic investment inflows.

Currency markets could also react. Softer interest rates may reduce foreign capital inflows, weakening local currencies. Traders are watching the Kenyan shilling and Nigerian naira closely for early signals.


Country-Specific Outlooks

Kenya: The Central Bank of Kenya is expected to reduce its benchmark rate by 25–50 basis points. Analysts say this could support credit growth while maintaining inflation within the 5% target range.

South Africa: The South African Reserve Bank may cut rates cautiously, balancing inflation risks with growth support. Rate adjustments could also affect bond yields in the domestic market.

Nigeria: With inflation easing, the Central Bank of Nigeria could reduce lending rates to stimulate the economy. Lower rates may support businesses struggling with high borrowing costs.

Ghana: Bank of Ghana policymakers are monitoring inflation trends and may act before year-end to support fiscal sustainability and credit expansion.


Challenges for Policymakers

Even with falling inflation, central banks face external risks. U.S. interest rates remain high, pushing capital toward dollar assets. This could limit the effectiveness of rate cuts in stimulating local credit markets.

Currency depreciation, high sovereign debt, and political uncertainty are additional challenges. Policymakers must act carefully to avoid triggering inflation or financial instability.


Outlook for 2026

Analysts expect African central banks to continue a cautious easing cycle into 2026. Lower rates may support business investment and household borrowing. Banks will need to adapt to narrower interest spreads. Equity markets could benefit from more liquidity.

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