Economy, Business & Finance
US Taps Congo’s Minerals with $2.5B Offer
With $2.5 billion on the table, U.S. officials press for a clean minerals deal in Congo, aiming to curb China’s dominance while confronting conflict-linked mining risks.
On May 9, 2025, Secretary Blinken’s visit to the DRC marked a pivotal shift as the US proposes a $2.5B investment to secure clean critical minerals amid conflict.
The Turning Point: Blinken Lands in DRC to Secure Critical Minerals
Kinshasa, May 9, 2025 – When U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken touched down in Kinshasa, the message was clear: the United States is stepping into Africa’s strategic mineral sector with renewed intensity.
This visit follows Washington’s earlier critical minerals pact with Ukraine and marks a new phase in U.S. engagement with the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)—a nation literally sitting atop a $24 trillion reserve of minerals essential for the global green transition.
A Geological Bonanza in a Fragile Setting
The DRC is home to over 60% of the world’s cobalt, a key component in electric vehicle batteries and defense systems.
Its deep-ground resources also include coltan, tungsten, and tin—minerals on which the clean energy revolution depends. However, historically, Chinese companies have dominated extraction and processing in the region.
“The U.S. is waking up late,” noted Cameroonian scholar Dr. Achille Mbembe, “but you cannot talk green transition without Congo.”
This delayed pivot underscores growing concerns in Washington over global mineral supply chain dependency—especially on non-Western actors.
Conflict’s Grip on Congo’s Subsoil
Despite the enormous mineral wealth, much of the DRC’s mining activity is centered in North Kivu—a region riddled with conflict. M23 rebels, allegedly backed by Rwanda, control pockets rich in coltan and tungsten, displacing 1.6 million civilians in the last 18 months and disrupting legitimate mining operations.
In response, Kinshasa has floated a proactive plan: invite a U.S.-mediated peace negotiation with Rwanda, positioning Washington as a security guarantor for both diplomatic and economic engagement.
Blinken’s $2.5 B Mineral Package
Securing mineral-rich territories hinges on major investment. To this end, Blinken unveiled a $2.5 billion pledge over five years. However, the offer carries firm conditions, anchored by a new Critical Minerals Partnership, climate-friendly investment standards, and rigorous supply chain traceability.
To ensure accountability, the U.S. proposes an Independent Supply Chain Monitoring Mission, spearheaded by USAID, Transparency International, and the African Development Bank. This body would oversee environmental compliance and ethical labor practices—from mine sites to end-use manufacturing.
“There is no such thing as clean coltan when guns are guarding the mine shafts,” cautioned Judith Mbayo of Goma. “If the U.S. is serious, it must protect people, not just profits.”
China’s Strategic Hold
China currently controls an estimated 70% of Congo’s cobalt output through deep, long-term investments. The U.S. challenge is not just breaking into markets—it’s breaking China’s supply chain dominance.
A senior U.S. trade attaché summed it up starkly:
“If China cuts off cobalt tomorrow, the American EV industry stalls.”
Thus, Blinken’s mission is both diplomatic and commercial—aimed at weaving the DRC into Western supply chains while curbing Chinese influence.
Diplomacy, Peace, and Profit: A New Economic Trajectory
May 9 could be a watershed in U.S.–Congo relations. The administration is shifting from a traditional aid-based model to a deep economic security strategy, with the African mineral sector at its core.
Only a few days prior, Blinken emphasized at another African capital:
“The minerals that power our future should not be the reason for Africa’s misery—they should be the reason for its prosperity.”
Challenges Ahead: Security and Governance
Success demands more than money—it requires peace and institutional strength. The proposed peace dialogue with Rwanda must translate into concrete corporate guarantees and stabilization of mining zones.
Without this, investment risks remain high, and displacement and illegal mining will continue unabated.
It also tests Kinshasa’s governance and regulatory capabilities. The real test will be whether the DRC can transform these investments into durable local development—supporting communities, protecting workers, and distributing revenues responsibly.
Implications for Global Markets and Security
If realized, the partnership could reshape the global mineral supply chain, offering an alternative to Chinese dominance and reinforcing Western clean-tech industries.
Domestically, DRC stands poised to collect greater revenues—though success will rely heavily on governance reforms and transparent revenue use.
Regionally, the U.S. position as mediator and investor may realign African geopolitics, influencing not just mineral markets but also social stability and economic growth across the Great Lakes.
Conclusion: From Resource Curse to Resource Catalyst
Blinken’s visit to Kinshasa signals more than a diplomatic tour—it represents a strategic pivot in U.S. foreign policy, anchoring Africa’s mineral-rich heartland to clean energy and national security objectives.
With $24 trillion worth of minerals underground and a fragile peace on the surface, the Congo stands at a crossroads. Will the world’s richest “poor country” overcome conflict and poor governance to become a cornerstone of the 21st-century green economy?
The structure is in place: a high-stakes mineral pact, regional peace overtures, and a commitment to ethical practices. The question now: can the DRC translate opportunity into lasting transformation?
Banking, Finance & Economic Policy
Absa Kenya Profit Up 15% on Lower Provisions
Loan-loss provisions fell sharply, boosting Absa’s earnings, while customer deposits climbed 9% to KSh 384 billion (US$2.7 billion). The bank continues to expand its agency network and financial inclusion initiatives across Kenya.
Absa Bank Kenya posts 15% profit growth to KSh 16.9B (US$120M) on lower loan-loss provisions and higher non-interest income.
Absa Bank Kenya Profit Rises 15% on Lower Loan Provisions
Nairobi —Absa Bank Kenya posted a 15% increase in profit after tax, reaching KSh 16.9 billion (≈ US$120 million) for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, according to Capital FM. The lender attributed the growth to strong cost management and an 11% rise in non-interest income.
The results position Absa as one of the most resilient banks in Kenya, even as peers contend with tightening margins amid lower interest rates.
Lower Provisions Boost Earnings
The bank cut its loan-loss provisions by around 40%, with impairment charges falling to KSh 4.8 billion (≈ US$34 million). Capital FM reported that this improvement reflects better asset quality and disciplined risk management across Absa’s lending portfolio.
Absa also noted that lower funding costs and efficient capital allocation helped cushion the impact of compressed net interest margins.
Non-Interest Income Supports Growth
Fees, commissions, and other non-funded income rose to KSh 13.6 billion (≈ US$97 million), driven largely by growth in payments, agency banking, and advisory services.
“The diversification of revenue streams has been a key pillar of our strategy,” Absa CEO Abdi Mohamed said in a statement. “Even in a low-interest environment, we have managed to sustain profitability and deliver value to shareholders.”
Deposits and Balance Sheet Strength
Customer deposits grew 9% to KSh 384 billion (≈ US$2.7 billion), while total assets expanded 14% to KSh 554 billion (≈ US$3.9 billion), according to the report.
The bank’s robust liquidity underpins its ability to fund lending and support financial inclusion initiatives, including its agency banking network, now operating in over 8,000 locations across Kenya.
Innovation and Product Expansion
Absa highlighted new offerings such as Sultana, a Shariah-compliant banking product, and Eco Home Loans, aimed at financing energy-efficient housing projects. These initiatives are part of the bank’s broader strategy to attract niche customer segments while supporting sustainable development.
Historical Performance Context
For the first half of 2025, Absa reported KSh 11.7 billion (≈ US$83 million) in profit after tax, a 9% increase from H1 2024, driven by similar trends of lower impairments and strong non-interest income, Capital FM noted. Impairment charges during that period fell by 38%, indicating sustained improvement in credit quality.
Market Implications
Analysts say Absa’s results demonstrate how Kenyan banks can maintain profitability through cost discipline, diversification, and prudent risk management.
“This shows the advantage of balancing interest income with fees and commissions,” said Nairobi-based banking analyst Joseph Mwangi. “Absa’s model may become increasingly relevant as monetary policy fluctuates and margin pressures persist across the sector.”
Outlook
Absa management signaled confidence in maintaining growth momentum through the remainder of 2025 and into 2026. The bank is expected to continue leveraging its diverse revenue base, expanding financial inclusion efforts, and pursuing innovation in digital banking and green financing products.
Mohamed added that the bank remains committed to sustainable, inclusive growth: “Our strategy is to support both shareholder returns and customer-centric initiatives, while continuing to enhance operational efficiency.”
International Perspective
For foreign investors, Absa’s results underscore Kenya’s resilience in the banking sector despite global macroeconomic uncertainties. The bank’s ability to deliver consistent profits while maintaining strong asset quality and expanding its customer base reflects its strategic execution and operational discipline.
Startups, Venture Capital & Innovation
Kenya’s Kakamega Gold Discovery Worth $5.3B
Nearly 800 households may face resettlement due to the mine’s 337-acre footprint. Local leaders are demanding transparent compensation and consultation.
Shanta Gold confirms 1.27 M oz Kakamega deposit worth ~$5.3 B. Project sparks jobs, investment, resettlement, and environmental debate.
Kenya’s Kakamega Gold Discovery Sparks Economic and Social Debate
Major Gold Find Confirmed
Shanta Gold Ltd., a British-listed mining company, confirmed in November 2025 that it has discovered 1.27 million ounces of high-grade gold in Kakamega County, western Kenya. The deposit, valued at roughly $5.28 billion, is detailed in an Environmental Impact Assessment filed with the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA). Uganda is a net exporter of the bullion.
Project Plans and Infrastructure
The company plans to develop an underground mine at the Isulu-Bushiangala site with a 1,500-ton-per-day processing plant, a 12-megawatt power station, tailings storage, and road infrastructure. The project footprint spans 337 acres, potentially displacing nearly 800 households, with six resettlement sites mapped across 1,932 acres.
Investment and Royalties
Shanta estimates capital expenditure of $170–208 million and annual operating costs of around $19 million, according to The Star. Under Kenya’s mining regulations, the company will pay 3% of gross gold sales as royalties, divided with 70% to the national government, 20% to Kakamega County, and 10% to host communities. Annual royalties are projected at KSh560–610 million, alongside a Mineral Development Levy of approximately KSh195 million.
Community Concerns and Resettlement
Local leaders in Ikolomani have voiced concern over displacement and insufficient consultation. A public hearing scheduled for Nov. 12, 2025 at Bushiangala Technical Training Institute was canceled, sparking criticism from residents, according to Capital FM.
Environmental Risks
Environmental groups have warned that mining could impact the Yala and Isiukhu rivers, potentially affecting water supply and ecosystems. Shanta’s EIA outlines mitigation measures including lined tailings dams, water-quality monitoring, controlled blasting, and progressive land rehabilitation.
Regulatory Review and Next Steps
NEMA is reviewing the EIA and public submissions before issuing environmental clearance. Approval would allow Shanta to move into financing and construction, while a rejection would require the company to redesign its plan or re-engage local communities, according to Hivileo.
Economic Impact
Analysts say the find could significantly boost Western Kenya’s economy, creating jobs in construction, transport, power, and local services. Experts caution that success depends on fair resettlement, transparent compensation, and environmental compliance.
Ore Quality and Production
Ore grades at Isulu-Bushiangala average 11.43 g/t, high by commercial standards. If operations proceed, the mine could become one of East Africa’s largest, positioning Kakamega as a mining hub.
Community and Government Oversight
County officials stress the need for strict enforcement to ensure benefits reach local communities and minimize social and environmental costs. Residents demand clear timelines for compensation and relocation.
Banking, Finance & Economic Policy
African Central Banks Cut Interest Rates
Kenya, Nigeria, Ghana, and South Africa may reduce policy rates before year-end. Lower rates are expected to support credit growth and stimulate economic activity.
Several African central banks plan interest rate cuts as inflation cools. This may reshape banking profitability and financial markets.
African Central Banks Poised to Cut Interest Rates
A number of African central banks are expected to cut interest rates at their final policy meetings of 2025, according to Bloomberg. Inflation has shown signs of cooling across the continent,creating room for monetary easing. Analysts say these moves could have wide-ranging implications for banking profitability and financial markets.
Countries likely to adjust rates include Kenya, South Africa, Nigeria, and Ghana. Lower rates may ease borrowing costs for households and companies, but banks could see profit margins under pressure.
Inflation Trends Allow Easing
African inflation has moderated in recent months. Consumer price indices have slowed across East, West, and Southern Africa. The IMF reports that average inflation in key economies fell below 6% in Q3 2025.
Central banks are responding cautiously. While inflation is cooling, external risks such as high global interest rates and currency volatility remain. Policymakers must balance growth support with financial stability.
Impact on Banking Profitability
Lower interest rates could squeeze bank margins. Commercial banks rely on the spread between deposit and lending rates to generate profit. Rate cuts could reduce these spreads, affecting earnings.
Kenya Commercial Bank (KCB) and Equity Bank are likely to feel the impact. Analysts note that lower rates may stimulate credit growth, partially offsetting margin pressure. However, banks with high exposure to government securities may see net interest income decline.
Financial Market Implications
Interest rate cuts could boost local stock markets. Lower rates often make equities more attractive relative to bonds. Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) may see increased foreign and domestic investment inflows.
Currency markets could also react. Softer interest rates may reduce foreign capital inflows, weakening local currencies. Traders are watching the Kenyan shilling and Nigerian naira closely for early signals.
Country-Specific Outlooks
Kenya: The Central Bank of Kenya is expected to reduce its benchmark rate by 25–50 basis points. Analysts say this could support credit growth while maintaining inflation within the 5% target range.
South Africa: The South African Reserve Bank may cut rates cautiously, balancing inflation risks with growth support. Rate adjustments could also affect bond yields in the domestic market.
Nigeria: With inflation easing, the Central Bank of Nigeria could reduce lending rates to stimulate the economy. Lower rates may support businesses struggling with high borrowing costs.
Ghana: Bank of Ghana policymakers are monitoring inflation trends and may act before year-end to support fiscal sustainability and credit expansion.
Challenges for Policymakers
Even with falling inflation, central banks face external risks. U.S. interest rates remain high, pushing capital toward dollar assets. This could limit the effectiveness of rate cuts in stimulating local credit markets.
Currency depreciation, high sovereign debt, and political uncertainty are additional challenges. Policymakers must act carefully to avoid triggering inflation or financial instability.
Outlook for 2026
Analysts expect African central banks to continue a cautious easing cycle into 2026. Lower rates may support business investment and household borrowing. Banks will need to adapt to narrower interest spreads. Equity markets could benefit from more liquidity.
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