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Kenya launches digital debt automation system

The rollout of Kenya’s digital debt automation system
signals Nairobi’s growing commitment to transparency and investor confidence. Analysts say the integration could enhance the country’s credibility in global capital markets.

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Kenya has launched its digital debt automation and Treasury Single Account (TSA) to centralize all government payments and liabilities. The reform links IFMIS, the Central Bank of Kenya , and the Commonwealth Meridian platform for real-time fiscal oversight.
National Treasury Principal Secretary Chris Kiptoo.

Kenya activates a digital debt automation system and Treasury Single Account to enhance fiscal transparency and boost investor confidence.

Kenya Rolls Out Digital Debt System, Treasury Account in Fiscal Reform Push

NAIROBI, — Kenya launched a new digital debt automation system and activated its long-awaited Treasury Single Account (TSA) on Monday, part of a broad effort to streamline public finances and restore investor confidence amid tighter global credit conditions.

This is happening soon after the government retired a euro bond worth $1 b to boost fiscal credibility.

The system links the government’s Integrated Financial Management Information System (IFMIS), the Central Bank of Kenya, and the Commonwealth Meridian debt platform, giving the Treasury real-time visibility over its liabilities and cash positions. Officials say the move will reduce duplication and improve liquidity management across national and county governments.

“This is a major milestone in digitising Kenya’s fiscal architecture,” Treasury Principal Secretary Chris Kiptoo said in a statement. “The system integrates all government accounts and provides real-time monitoring of public debt and cash flows.”

Until now, government deposits were scattered across multiple commercial banks, limiting oversight and driving up borrowing costs. According to Treasury data, public sector entities held about KSh 670.8 billion ($5.2 billion) in various accounts as of June 2024 — funds that will now be consolidated under the TSA.

The reform comes as Nairobi seeks to rebuild fiscal buffers after a turbulent 2024, when the Kenya shilling fell to record lows and debt service costs surged.


Boosting Fiscal Credibility

Kenya’s digital debt rollout complements its ongoing efforts to manage refinancing risks. Earlier this month, the government completed a $1 billion Eurobond buyback financed through a $1.5 billion new issuance, extending maturities and easing near-term payment pressures.

Analysts said the automation reform signals a shift toward transparency, crucial as Kenya faces nearly $2.2 billion in external debt repayments in 2026.

“This integration strengthens Kenya’s credibility in the eyes of investors,” said a London-based frontier markets strategist. “It shows a proactive approach to debt management rather than a reactive one.”

Kenya’s debt currently stands at about KSh 11.1 trillion ($85 billion), or 68% of GDP, according to official figures. The Treasury aims to cut that ratio below 60% by 2027 through fiscal consolidation and digital reforms.


Regional Context

Kenya’s adoption of digital debt automation and a unified Treasury account could set a precedent for peers like Uganda, Rwanda, and Tanzania, which face similar challenges in managing fragmented public accounts.

The World Bank has encouraged African governments to centralize cash management systems to improve efficiency and reduce idle balances.
(World Bank report)


Next Steps and Challenges

While the new system went live on Monday, implementation across Kenya’s 47 counties may take months. Integration of legacy systems, staff retraining, and data migration remain key hurdles.

Moody’s and Fitch have both said Kenya’s fiscal credibility depends on sustained execution of reforms and adherence to debt-reduction targets. The IMF, which has extended a $3.6 billion programme to Nairobi, is expected to review Kenya’s progress later this quarter.
(IMF Kenya programme)

Despite these risks, markets have responded positively. The yield on Kenya’s 2028 Eurobond fell 18 basis points on Monday to 8.46%, its lowest level since July, according to Refinitiv data.

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Public Finance & Economic Development

Centum Launches Kenya’s First Dollar-Denominated REIT

Through its Trific unit, Centum plans to roll out a pioneering REIT priced in US dollars — a first in Kenya’s investment history. The initiative aims to attract foreign investors while deepening confidence in Nairobi’s capital markets.

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Centum’s dollar REIT marks a turning point for Kenya’s property sector and financial innovation. It offers investors a hedge against shilling volatility and a new pathway to real-estate growth.

Centum plans Kenya’s first dollar-denominated REIT worth $37M, boosting foreign investor confidence and deepening the country’s real estate market.

Kenya’s Centum Unit to Launch Country’s First Dollar-Denominated REIT

Kenya’s capital markets are on the brink of a historic milestone as Centum Investment Company Plc prepares to introduce the country’s first dollar-denominated real estate investment trust (REIT). The move underscores a growing appetite among international investors for Kenyan real estate and signals the country’s gradual transition toward globally aligned capital-market products.


A Landmark Move by Centum

According to Bloomberg News, Centum’s subsidiary — Two Rivers International Finance & Innovation Centre (Trific) — plans to issue a US $37 million REIT denominated in US dollars before the end of 2025.

The product will be the first of its kind in Kenya, marking a new phase of diversification within the Nairobi capital market. Centum’s Group Chief Executive James Mworia said the dollar-priced REIT aims to attract both local and international investors seeking predictable returns and protection from local-currency depreciation.

The instrument is expected to deliver an 8 percent annual return and will require a minimum investment of US $1,000, making it accessible to a wide range of investors.


Why This REIT Matters for Kenya

The launch of a dollar-priced REIT is more than a financial innovation — it’s a statement about Kenya’s evolving capital market. For years, Kenya’s real estate and investment sectors have been dominated by shilling-denominated instruments, which often deter foreign investors due to currency-exchange risk.

By pricing in US dollars, Centum’s REIT offers a hedge against shilling depreciation and provides an opportunity for investors to earn stable, foreign-currency returns from local assets. This could help deepen investor confidence, enhance market liquidity, and broaden the pool of foreign capital flowing into Kenya.

The initiative also aligns with the Capital Markets Authority (CMA) reforms that aim to expand alternative investment products, such as REITs, to support Kenya’s Vision 2030 development goals.


Key Features of Centum’s Dollar-REIT

FeatureDetails
REIT SizeApproximately US $37 million
Minimum SubscriptionUS $1,000
Expected Annual Return8 percent
Asset BaseFully leased, USD-generating property under Trific
Regulatory StatusAwaiting approval from the Capital Markets Authority
Planned LaunchBefore end of 2025

The REIT will acquire a fully leased, revenue-generating commercial property located within Two Rivers Development — one of East Africa’s largest mixed-use projects, owned by Centum.


Market and Regulatory Implications

The launch of this REIT represents a breakthrough for Kenya’s capital-market innovation. However, it must first secure regulatory approval from the CMA, which has historically exercised caution in licensing new investment products to protect investors.

Experts believe this product could open the door for other foreign-currency-denominated instruments, helping diversify the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) portfolio. In the long term, it could position Kenya as a preferred investment hub for East African property funds.

Still, challenges remain. Market analysts warn that property-valuation transparency, tenant creditworthiness, and macroeconomic headwinds — including inflation and high interest rates — could influence performance. Nevertheless, the REIT’s USD pricing significantly cushions investors from local-currency volatility.


Broader Economic Context

Kenya’s property market continues to attract institutional capital, thanks to rapid urbanization and rising demand for Grade-A commercial space. The country’s infrastructure development under projects such as Vision 2030’s Big Four Agenda and Nairobi’s affordable housing program has further boosted investor confidence.

According to data from Knight Frank Kenya, Nairobi remains one of Africa’s top destinations for high-yield commercial properties, with rental yields averaging 8 – 10 percent in prime zones. Centum’s dollar REIT is expected to capitalize on this demand while offering global investors an easy entry into Kenya’s real-estate market without direct currency exposure.


What It Means for Investors

For foreign investors, this REIT provides a stable entry point into an emerging market with high potential for real-asset growth. By earning returns in US dollars, investors mitigate the impact of local-currency depreciation — a major concern for global portfolios in frontier markets.

For local investors, the product encourages a new savings and investment culture that bridges domestic and global financial systems. As Centum sets the precedent, other developers may follow suit, introducing hybrid and offshore-linked instruments.

This will likely enhance transparency, improve reporting standards, and attract more institutional investors — such as pension funds and insurance companies — into Kenya’s real-estate sector.


A Step Toward Market Maturity

Kenya’s financial system has undergone steady reform since the 1990s, but REIT adoption has lagged due to low investor awareness and regulatory complexity. Centum’s initiative could shift perceptions by demonstrating how professionally managed, dollar-based instruments can deliver returns comparable to — or even surpassing — traditional real-estate projects.

As the Nairobi Securities Exchange seeks to boost listings and diversify revenue streams, such innovations could inject new vitality into Kenya’s investment landscape.


Conclusion

Centum Investment Company’s plan to introduce Kenya’s first dollar-denominated REIT marks a defining moment for the country’s capital markets. It reflects both confidence in Kenya’s economic fundamentals and a strategic move to align with international investment trends.

Once approved and launched, this US $37 million REIT could attract global investors seeking stable, dollar-linked returns in Africa’s most dynamic property market. More importantly, it signals Kenya’s readiness to compete in the international investment arena — one dollar at a time.

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Public Finance & Economic Development

Kenya Private-Sector Growth Boosts Banks

Rising business activity is driving lending and trade-finance opportunities for Kenyan banks. SMEs are expected to lead the demand for working capital and supply-chain financing.

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Kenya’s private sector grew at its fastest pace since December 2021, with the PMI hitting 52.5 in October 2025. Banks are set to benefit from higher credit demand, deposits, and digital banking activity.
Digital banking platforms are poised to gain as firms increase electronic payments and transactions. Kenya’s economic recovery boosts confidence for banks, businesses, and policymakers alike.

Kenya’s PMI rises to 52.5 in October 2025, driving lending, deposits, and digital banking opportunities for banks.

Nairobi, Kenya – Kenya’s private sector grew at its fastest pace since December 2021. The Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) rose to 52.5 in October 2025, up from 51.9 in September, when the private sector rebounded.

A reading above 50 indicates expansion. October’s figure reflects stronger demand, increased production, and improved business confidence.

“Output growth across Kenya’s private sector accelerated to its fastest pace in nearly four years in October,” said analysts at Stanbic Bank Kenya.


Banking Sector Implications

For banks, a stronger private sector can boost credit demand, deposit growth, and digital transactions.

Business Lending: Companies expanding production and inventory need working capital and loans. SMEs, which contribute over 30% of Kenya’s GDP, are expected to drive lending growth.

Trade Finance: Firms involved in import and export activity may increase demand for letters of credit, guarantees, and supply chain financing.

Deposits & Transactions: More business activity leads to higher deposits and transaction volumes, including digital payments and payroll processing.

Digital Banking: Kenya’s banks can expand online lending and payment solutions. Partnerships with fintech firms can help offer integrated digital services to SMEs.


Broader Economic Context

Rising private-sector activity signals stronger employment, higher incomes, and increased government revenue. Policymakers see this as a positive sign for Kenya’s business environment.

Banks that align products with government policies and SME support programs can strengthen their market position.


Risks & Opportunities

While growth is positive, banks should monitor credit quality, inflation, and operational risks. Innovative products tailored for SMEs, trade finance, and digital solutions will be crucial.


Bottom Line

Kenya’s private sector, as reflected in the October 2025 PMI of 52.5, is expanding rapidly. Banks have a window of opportunity to capture lending, deposit, trade-finance, and digital banking growth.

Keywords for SEO: Kenya PMI 2025, Kenya private sector growth, banking opportunities Kenya, SME lending Kenya, trade finance Kenya, digital banking Kenya

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Public Finance & Economic Development

Kenya Sets Q4 2025 Fringe Benefit Tax Rate at 8%

Kenya keeps the deemed interest rate steady at 8% despite recent CBK rate cuts. Businesses can now close their financial year with confidence.

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KRA holds the fringe benefit tax rate at 8% for Q4 2025. The move provides predictability for employers and year-end payroll planning
Stable tax benchmarks help employers avoid recalculations and compliance issues. KRA’s consistent policy supports corporate financial stability.

Kenya Revenue Authority retains the fringe benefit and deemed interest tax rate at 8% for Q4 2025, reinforcing stability for employers.

NAIROBI, Oct. 26, 2025 — The Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA) has maintained both the fringe benefit tax (FBT) market interest rate and the deemed interest rate at 8 percent for the final quarter of 2025. This decision, announced on October 21, underscores KRA’s commitment to providing predictability in tax administration amid recent monetary easing.

Employers must apply an 8% market interest rate when valuing fringe benefits such as staff loans and other non-cash perks. The 8% deemed interest rate also applies to employer or shareholder loans where no interest is charged. From these amounts, a 15% withholding tax must be deducted and paid to the Commissioner within five working days, according to Bloomberg Tax.


Steady Policy Despite Rate Cuts

The 8% rate remains unchanged even after the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) reduced the benchmark Central Bank Rate to 9.25% from 9.50% earlier this month. The move was intended to stimulate borrowing amid moderating inflation.

By keeping the FBT and deemed interest rates steady, KRA separates tax computation from short-term monetary fluctuations. This prioritizes predictability for employers and payroll systems. The Q4 rate covers October through December 2025 and serves as a reference for year-end tax planning.


Employer and Payroll Implications

Fringe benefit tax applies when employers provide non-cash benefits like low-interest loans, housing, or vehicles. Under Section 12B of the Income Tax Act, employers must compute taxable value using a prescribed market rate. Section 16(2)(ja) imposes a deemed interest charge on interest-free or below-market loans from foreign affiliates or related parties.

“The 8% benchmark provides continuity for businesses closing their financial year,” said a Nairobi-based tax consultant advising multinational firms. “Predictable reference rates help employers comply and avoid last-minute recalculations.”

Some experts warn that a fixed rate may not always reflect market conditions. If lending costs fall below 8%, the FBT may overstate taxable values. Conversely, if commercial lending rises, the rate may understate employees’ benefit costs.


KRA’s official notice states:

“For the purposes of Section 12B of the Income Tax Act, the Market Interest Rate is 8%. This rate shall apply for October, November, and December 2025. For the purposes of Section 16(2)(ja) of the Income Tax Act, the prescribed rate of interest is 8%. Withholding tax at 15% on the deemed interest shall be deducted and paid to the Commissioner within five working days.”

The language mirrors the previous quarter’s directive, showing KRA’s preference for consistent FBT and deemed interest rates.


Market Reaction

Industry bodies have welcomed the move. The Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Kenya (ICPAK) said the stable tax reference improves predictability for financial reporting. “A consistent rate enables employers to make reliable projections on payroll and tax obligations,” the institute noted.

Analysts caution that future adjustments may be necessary if interest rates diverge significantly. For now, the 8% benchmark is seen as a prudent choice, offering stable compliance for employers and multinational subsidiaries through year-end.


Compliance Checklist

Tax experts advise employers to:

  • Update payroll and benefits systems to reflect the 8% rate for Q4 2025.
  • Reassess employee loan portfolios to ensure correct FBT calculations.
  • Remit withholding tax on deemed interest within five working days.
  • Document compliance with KRA’s circular for audit readiness.
  • Monitor new notices for Q1 2026 adjustments.

Maintaining the same rate for two consecutive quarters reduces mid-year recalculations and supports corporate financial stability.


Fiscal Context

The decision aligns with Kenya’s broader effort to strengthen domestic revenue and maintain fiscal stability under the Medium-Term Revenue Strategy. It also complements reforms aimed at simplifying compliance and broadening the tax base without sudden shocks to the private sector.

As 2025 winds down, tax consistency is becoming a key feature of the government’s fiscal agenda. With borrowing costs stabilizing and inflation easing, Kenya’s 8% fringe benefit benchmark offers certainty to employers, investors, and auditors alike.

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